What are some examples of virtual functions in C++?

What are some examples of virtual functions in C++?

Virtual functions in C++ allow derived classes to override methods of a base class. For example, consider a base class Shape with a virtual function draw(). Derived classes like Circle and Square can implement their own versions of draw(). Would you like to see a code example?

Yes, please provide a code example.

Sure! Here's a simple example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Shape {
public:
    virtual void draw() { cout << "Drawing a shape" << endl; }
};

class Circle : public Shape {
public:
    void draw() override { cout << "Drawing a circle" << endl; }
};

class Square : public Shape {
public:
    void draw() override { cout << "Drawing a square" << endl; }
};

int main() {
    Shape* shape1 = new Circle();
    Shape* shape2 = new Square();
    shape1->draw(); // Outputs: Drawing a circle
    shape2->draw(); // Outputs: Drawing a square
    delete shape1;
    delete shape2;
    return 0;
}

This demonstrates how virtual functions enable polymorphism.

What is polymorphism in C++?

Polymorphism in C++ allows methods to do different things based on the object that it is acting upon, even if they share the same name. It is primarily achieved through virtual functions, enabling dynamic binding at runtime.