How do I create an exception hierarchy in my application?

How do I create an exception hierarchy in my application?

To create an exception hierarchy, start by defining a base exception class. Then, derive specific exceptions from it.

Can you give me an example of a base exception class?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

class AppException(Exception):
    pass

What about specific exceptions? How should I structure them?

You can create specific exceptions like this:

class DatabaseException(AppException):
    pass

class ValidationException(AppException):
    pass

How do I handle these exceptions in my code?

You can use try-except blocks to handle exceptions. For example:

try:
    # code that may raise an exception
except DatabaseException:
    # handle database errors
except ValidationException:
    # handle validation errors