What are dataclasses in Python and how do I use them?

What are dataclasses in Python and how do I use them?

Dataclasses are a feature in Python that allows you to create classes specifically for storing data. They automatically generate special methods like init() and repr() based on class attributes.

Can you show me a simple example of a dataclass?

Sure! Here's a basic example:

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Person:
    name: str
    age: int

person = Person(name='Alice', age=30)
print(person)

This will output: Person(name='Alice', age=30).

What are the benefits of using dataclasses?

Dataclasses reduce boilerplate code, improve readability, and provide built-in methods for comparison and representation.

Can I add default values to dataclass fields?

Yes, you can! Just assign a default value in the class definition, like this:

@dataclass
class Person:
    name: str
    age: int = 25