What are the differences between abstract classes and mixins?

What are the differences between abstract classes and mixins?

Abstract classes are blueprints for other classes, allowing for shared methods and properties, while mixins are used to add functionality to classes without inheritance.

Can you give me an example of when to use an abstract class?

Sure! Use an abstract class when you want to define a common interface for a group of related classes, like shapes (Circle, Square) that share methods like area calculation.

And what about mixins? When should I use them?

Mixins are great when you want to add specific functionality to multiple classes without creating a complex hierarchy. For example, a 'Loggable' mixin can be added to any class that needs logging.

Are there any downsides to using mixins?

Yes, using too many mixins can lead to a situation known as 'mixin hell', where the code becomes hard to understand and maintain due to the complexity of multiple inherited behaviors.

How do I decide between using an abstract class or a mixin?

Decide based on your design needs: use abstract classes for shared structure and behavior, and mixins for adding specific features to classes without a strict hierarchy.