What are the differences between classes and structs in programming?

What are the differences between classes and structs in programming?

Classes and structs are both used to create complex data types, but they have some key differences. Classes are reference types, while structs are value types. This means that when you assign a class to a new variable, both variables refer to the same object, whereas structs create a copy.

Can you explain what that means in practical terms?

Sure! If you have a class instance and you pass it to a function, any changes made to that instance inside the function will affect the original object. With structs, passing it to a function creates a copy, so changes won't affect the original.

Are there any other differences I should know about?

Yes! Classes can have inheritance, meaning one class can inherit properties and methods from another. Structs do not support inheritance. Additionally, classes can have destructors, while structs cannot.

When should I use a class instead of a struct?

Use a class when you need reference semantics, inheritance, or when the data structure is complex. Use a struct for simple data types that are lightweight and do not require inheritance.