What are the differences between hashing and encryption?

What are the differences between hashing and encryption?

Hashing and encryption are both techniques used to secure data, but they serve different purposes. Hashing is a one-way function that converts data into a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a hash value. It's primarily used for data integrity, ensuring that the data hasn't been altered. On the other hand, encryption is a two-way function that transforms data into a format that can only be read by someone who has the decryption key. It's used to protect the confidentiality of data.

Can you give me examples of when to use each?

Sure! You would use hashing when storing passwords. Instead of saving the actual password, you save its hash. This way, even if the database is compromised, the actual passwords remain secure. Encryption is used when you need to send sensitive information, like credit card numbers, over the internet. You encrypt the data so that only the intended recipient can decrypt and read it.

Are there any common algorithms for hashing and encryption?

Yes, for hashing, common algorithms include SHA-256 and MD5. For encryption, popular algorithms are AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman). Each has its own use cases and security levels.

What happens if a hash function is compromised?

If a hash function is compromised, it means that an attacker can potentially generate the same hash for different inputs, leading to vulnerabilities like collision attacks. This can undermine the integrity of the data, especially if it's used for password storage or digital signatures.