What are the differences between templates and inheritance in C++?

What are the differences between templates and inheritance in C++?

Templates in C++ allow for generic programming, enabling functions and classes to operate with any data type. Inheritance, on the other hand, is a way to create a new class based on an existing class, allowing for code reuse and polymorphism.

Can you give me an example of when to use templates?

Sure! Use templates when you want to create a function or class that can work with any data type, like a sorting function that can sort integers, floats, or even custom objects.

And what about inheritance? When should I use it?

Use inheritance when you have a base class with common functionality that you want to extend in derived classes. For example, if you have a base class Animal, you can create derived classes like Dog and Cat that inherit common behaviors.

Are there any downsides to using templates or inheritance?

Yes, templates can lead to code bloat if overused, as each instantiation creates a new version of the function or class. Inheritance can introduce complexity and tight coupling between classes, making the code harder to maintain.