What are some examples of circular references in Python?

What are some examples of circular references in Python?

Circular references occur when two or more objects reference each other, creating a loop. For example, if object A references object B, and object B references object A, they form a circular reference.

Can you give me a code example of this?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

class Node:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
        self.next = None

node1 = Node(1)
node2 = Node(2)
node1.next = node2
node2.next = node1  # Circular reference

What problems can circular references cause?

Circular references can lead to memory leaks because the garbage collector may not be able to reclaim the memory used by the objects involved in the cycle.

How can I avoid circular references in my code?

To avoid circular references, you can use weak references or design your classes to minimize interdependencies.