What are encapsulation and abstraction in programming?

What are encapsulation and abstraction in programming?

Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, like a class. Abstraction, on the other hand, is the concept of hiding complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object.

Can you give me an example of encapsulation?

Sure! In a class representing a bank account, the balance is encapsulated within the class. You can only access it through methods like deposit() and withdraw(), which control how the balance is modified.

And what about abstraction?

An example of abstraction is using a car. You can drive it without knowing how the engine works. The complex mechanics are hidden, and you interact with simple controls like the steering wheel and pedals.

How do encapsulation and abstraction work together?

They work together by allowing you to create a clear interface for your objects (abstraction) while keeping the internal workings hidden and secure (encapsulation). This promotes modularity and reduces complexity.