What is scoping in Python and can you give me examples?

What is scoping in Python and can you give me examples?

Scoping in Python refers to the visibility of variables in different parts of your code. There are four types of scopes: local, enclosing, global, and built-in.

Can you explain local and global scopes with examples?

Sure! A local scope is created within a function. For example:

def my_function():
    x = 10  # local variable
    print(x)
my_function()  # prints 10
print(x)  # raises NameError

A global scope is accessible throughout the entire program:

y = 20  # global variable

def another_function():
    print(y)  # prints 20
another_function()

What about enclosing scope?

Enclosing scope occurs in nested functions. The inner function can access variables from the outer function:

def outer_function():
    z = 30  # enclosing variable
    def inner_function():
        print(z)  # accesses z from outer_function
    inner_function()
outer_function()  # prints 30