What are some examples of transaction phenomena in databases?

What are some examples of transaction phenomena in databases?

Transaction phenomena in databases refer to issues that can arise during concurrent transactions. Common examples include dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, and phantom reads.

Can you explain what a dirty read is?

A dirty read occurs when a transaction reads data that has been modified by another transaction but not yet committed. This can lead to inconsistencies.

What about non-repeatable reads?

A non-repeatable read happens when a transaction reads the same row twice and gets different values because another transaction modified it in between.

And what is a phantom read?

A phantom read occurs when a transaction reads a set of rows that match a condition, but another transaction inserts or deletes rows that affect that set before the first transaction completes.