What is the genetic code and how does it work?

What is the genetic code and how does it work?

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the information in DNA is translated into proteins. It consists of sequences of nucleotides, which are read in groups of three called codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid, the building blocks of proteins.

Can you explain what codons are?

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that specify a particular amino acid. For example, the codon AUG codes for methionine, which is often the starting point for protein synthesis.

How does the genetic code relate to heredity?

The genetic code is crucial for heredity because it determines the traits that are passed from parents to offspring. Genes, which are segments of DNA, encode the instructions for making proteins that influence an organism's characteristics.

Are there any exceptions to the genetic code?

Yes, there are some exceptions to the standard genetic code, such as in certain mitochondria and in some microorganisms, where specific codons may code for different amino acids.