What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation in programming?

What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation in programming?

Abstraction is the concept of hiding complex realities while exposing only the necessary parts. Encapsulation, on the other hand, is about bundling the data and methods that operate on the data within one unit, like a class.

Can you give me an example of abstraction in a programming language?

Sure! In Java, an abstract class can define methods that must be implemented by subclasses, allowing you to hide implementation details.

And what about encapsulation? How is that implemented?

Encapsulation is implemented using access modifiers. For example, in Java, you can use 'private' to restrict access to class members, ensuring that they can only be accessed through public methods.

Why are these concepts important in software development?

They help in reducing complexity and increasing reusability. Abstraction allows developers to focus on high-level functionalities, while encapsulation protects the integrity of the data.