What are hash functions and their role in cryptography?

What are hash functions and their role in cryptography?

Hash functions are algorithms that transform input data into a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a hash code. In cryptography, they ensure data integrity by producing a unique hash for each unique input.

Can you explain how hash functions ensure data integrity?

Certainly! When data is hashed, even a small change in the input will produce a drastically different hash. This property allows users to verify that data has not been altered.

What are some common hash functions used in cryptography?

Common hash functions include SHA-256, SHA-1, and MD5. SHA-256 is widely used in blockchain technology for its security.

Are there any vulnerabilities associated with hash functions?

Yes, some hash functions like MD5 and SHA-1 have known vulnerabilities that make them less secure. It's recommended to use stronger algorithms like SHA-256.

How do hash functions differ from encryption?

Hash functions are one-way processes that generate a fixed-size output from input data, while encryption is reversible and allows data to be securely transformed back to its original form.