What are the differences between a hash map and a binary search tree?

What are the differences between a hash map and a binary search tree?

A hash map uses a hash function to map keys to values for fast access, while a binary search tree organizes data in a sorted manner.

Which one is more efficient for searching?

Hash maps generally offer O(1) average time complexity for search operations, while binary search trees offer O(log n) in balanced cases.

Are there any scenarios where a binary search tree is preferred?

Yes, binary search trees maintain order, which is useful for range queries and sorted data retrieval.

What about memory usage? Is one more memory efficient?

Hash maps can use more memory due to their underlying array and potential for collisions, while binary search trees use memory proportional to the number of nodes.

Can you give me an example of when to use each?

Use a hash map for fast lookups in applications like caching, and a binary search tree for maintaining sorted data, like in a priority queue.