How do semaphores differ from mutexes?

Can you explain the difference between semaphores and mutexes?

Sure! Semaphores and mutexes are both synchronization primitives used in concurrent programming, but they serve different purposes.

What is the main purpose of a semaphore?

A semaphore is used to control access to a common resource by multiple threads, allowing a specified number of threads to access it simultaneously.

And what about mutexes?

A mutex, or mutual exclusion, is used to ensure that only one thread can access a resource at a time, preventing race conditions.

Can you give an example of when to use each?

Certainly! Use a semaphore when you want to limit access to a resource, like a pool of connections. Use a mutex when you need to protect a critical section of code.