How does Breadth-First Search (BFS) work?

Can you explain how the Breadth-First Search algorithm works?

Sure! Breadth-First Search (BFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. It starts at a selected node (often called the 'root') and explores all of its neighboring nodes at the present depth prior to moving on to nodes at the next depth level.

How does it decide which node to explore next?

BFS uses a queue data structure to keep track of the nodes that need to be explored. When a node is visited, its unvisited neighbors are added to the queue, and the algorithm continues to explore nodes in the order they were added.

What are some practical applications of BFS?

BFS is used in various applications such as finding the shortest path in unweighted graphs, web crawling, and social networking applications to find connections between users.

Are there any limitations to using BFS?

Yes, BFS can consume a lot of memory, especially for wide trees or graphs, as it stores all the child nodes at the current level before moving deeper.