How does memoization improve performance?

Can you explain how memoization works and why it's beneficial?

Sure! Memoization is an optimization technique that stores the results of expensive function calls and returns the cached result when the same inputs occur again.

How does this improve performance in programming?

By avoiding repeated calculations for the same inputs, memoization significantly reduces the time complexity of algorithms, especially in recursive functions.

Can you give me an example of memoization in action?

Absolutely! A classic example is the Fibonacci sequence. Without memoization, it has exponential time complexity, but with memoization, it can be computed in linear time.

Are there any downsides to using memoization?

Yes, while memoization can improve performance, it also uses additional memory to store results, which can be a trade-off in memory-constrained environments.