How does memoization work in algorithms?

Can you explain what memoization is in algorithms?

Sure! Memoization is an optimization technique used to speed up algorithms by storing the results of expensive function calls and reusing them when the same inputs occur again.

How does it actually improve performance?

It reduces the number of calculations by caching results, which is especially useful in recursive algorithms like Fibonacci sequence calculations.

Can you give me an example of memoization in action?

Absolutely! For instance, in calculating Fibonacci numbers, without memoization, the same values are recalculated multiple times. With memoization, once a Fibonacci number is calculated, it's stored, so future calls can retrieve it instantly.

Are there any downsides to using memoization?

Yes, while it improves speed, it uses more memory to store results, which can be a downside if the input space is large.