How does variance work in Scala?
An example of an AI chatbot conversation about variance in Scala programming.
Can you explain what variance means in Scala?
Sure! Variance in Scala refers to how subtyping between more complex types relates to subtyping between their component types.
What are the different types of variance?
There are three types of variance: covariance, contravariance, and invariance. Covariance allows a subtype to be substituted for a supertype, while contravariance does the opposite.
Can you give an example of covariance?
Absolutely! If you have a class Box[+A], you can use Box[Cat] wherever Box[Animal] is expected, assuming Cat is a subtype of Animal.
What about contravariance?
For contravariance, consider a class Box[-A]. You can use Box[Animal] wherever Box[Cat] is expected, allowing you to handle a broader range of types.
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