How do I implement encapsulation and abstraction in programming?

How do I implement encapsulation and abstraction in programming?

Encapsulation is about bundling data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, like a class. Abstraction, on the other hand, focuses on hiding the complex reality while exposing only the necessary parts. Would you like an example?

Yes, please provide an example of both concepts.

Sure! For encapsulation, consider a class Car that has private attributes like speed and fuel. You can control access to these attributes through public methods like accelerate() and refuel(). For abstraction, you might have an interface Vehicle with a method move(), but the implementation details are hidden in the classes that implement this interface.

How do I decide when to use encapsulation versus abstraction?

Use encapsulation when you want to protect the internal state of an object and control access to it. Use abstraction when you want to simplify complex systems by exposing only the essential features.

Can you give me a real-world analogy for these concepts?

Absolutely! Think of encapsulation like a capsule that contains medicine; you can't see the ingredients inside, but you can use it to get better. Abstraction is like a remote control; you can operate your TV without knowing how it works internally.