How do I use class variables in Python?

How do I use class variables in Python?

Class variables in Python are shared across all instances of a class. You define them within the class but outside any methods.

Can you give me an example of a class variable?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

class Dog:
    species = "Canis familiaris"  # class variable

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name  # instance variable

my_dog = Dog("Buddy")
print(my_dog.species)  # Outputs: Canis familiaris

What happens if I change the class variable?

If you change the class variable, it will affect all instances of the class that haven't overridden it. For example:

Dog.species = "Canis lupus"  # Change class variable
print(my_dog.species)  # Outputs: Canis familiaris

But if you create a new instance, it will reflect the change.

Can instance variables override class variables?

Yes, instance variables can override class variables. If an instance variable with the same name is defined, it will take precedence over the class variable for that instance.