What are the key differences between imperative and functional programming?

What are the key differences between imperative and functional programming?

Imperative programming focuses on how to perform tasks using statements that change a program's state, while functional programming emphasizes the use of functions and avoids changing state or mutable data.

Can you give me examples of each programming style?

Sure! An example of imperative programming is using loops and conditionals to manipulate data, like in Python. In contrast, functional programming can be seen in languages like Haskell, where you might use map and reduce functions to process data without changing it.

What are the advantages of functional programming?

Functional programming offers benefits like easier reasoning about code, better modularity, and improved support for concurrent programming due to its stateless nature.

Are there any downsides to using functional programming?

Yes, some downsides include a steeper learning curve for those used to imperative styles, potential performance issues due to immutability, and less control over state.