What are functional groups and why are they important in chemistry?

What are functional groups and why are they important in chemistry?

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that determine the chemical properties and reactions of those molecules. They are crucial because they influence how a compound behaves in chemical reactions.

Can you give me some examples of common functional groups?

Sure! Some common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), and carbonyl (C=O). Each of these groups imparts unique properties to the molecules they are part of.

How do functional groups affect the reactivity of organic compounds?

Functional groups affect reactivity by determining how a compound interacts with other substances. For example, the presence of a carboxyl group can make a compound more acidic, while an amino group can make it more basic.

Are functional groups important in biological molecules?

Absolutely! Functional groups play a vital role in the structure and function of biological molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, influencing their interactions and activities.