What are some real-world use cases for encapsulation in Java?

What are some real-world use cases for encapsulation in Java?

Encapsulation in Java is used to restrict access to certain components and protect the integrity of the data. Common use cases include creating classes for user accounts, where sensitive information like passwords is kept private, and providing public methods to access or modify that data safely.

Can you give me an example of a class that uses encapsulation?

Sure! Here's a simple example:

public class BankAccount {
    private double balance;

    public BankAccount(double initialBalance) {
        this.balance = initialBalance;
    }

    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }

    public void deposit(double amount) {
        if (amount > 0) {
            balance += amount;
        }
    }

    public void withdraw(double amount) {
        if (amount > 0 && amount <= balance) {
            balance -= amount;
        }
    }
}

In this example, the balance variable is private, and access is controlled through public methods.

What are the benefits of using encapsulation?

The benefits of encapsulation include improved data security, easier maintenance, and the ability to change the internal implementation without affecting external code. It also promotes a clear separation of concerns.

Are there any downsides to encapsulation?

While encapsulation has many benefits, it can lead to increased complexity and may require more boilerplate code. Additionally, over-encapsulation can make the code harder to understand.