What are the differences between Java Generics and C++ Templates?

What are the differences between Java Generics and C++ Templates?

Java Generics and C++ Templates are both used for code reusability, but they have key differences. Generics are a compile-time feature in Java that allows you to define classes and methods with type parameters, while C++ Templates are more powerful and can be used for both functions and classes, allowing for more complex metaprogramming.

Can you give me an example of how each one is used?

Sure! In Java, you might define a generic class like this: class Box<T> { private T item; }. In C++, a template could look like this: template<typename T> class Box { T item; }; Both allow you to create a Box that can hold any type.

Are there any performance differences between them?

Yes, there are performance differences. Java Generics use type erasure, meaning type information is removed at runtime, which can lead to some overhead. C++ Templates, on the other hand, are resolved at compile time, often resulting in more optimized code.

Which one is more flexible?

C++ Templates are generally considered more flexible due to their ability to perform metaprogramming and work with non-type parameters, while Java Generics are more constrained but provide type safety.