What are JWTs and how are they used in web applications?

What are JWTs and how are they used in web applications?

JWT stands for JSON Web Token. It's a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. In web applications, JWTs are commonly used for authentication and information exchange.

Can you explain how JWTs work in the authentication process?

Sure! When a user logs in, the server generates a JWT containing user information and signs it. This token is sent back to the client, which stores it (usually in local storage). For subsequent requests, the client sends the JWT in the Authorization header, allowing the server to verify the user's identity.

What are the advantages of using JWTs over traditional session cookies?

JWTs are stateless, meaning they don't require server-side storage, which can improve scalability. They also allow for cross-domain authentication and can carry more information than traditional session cookies.

Are there any security concerns I should be aware of when using JWTs?

Yes, some concerns include token expiration, secure storage, and the risk of token theft. It's important to use HTTPS, set short expiration times, and implement refresh tokens to mitigate these risks.