How can I implement an LRU cache in Python?

How can I implement an LRU cache in Python?

You can implement an LRU (Least Recently Used) cache using a combination of a dictionary and a doubly linked list. Would you like a code example?

Yes, please provide a code example.

Here's a simple implementation:

class Node:
    def __init__(self, key, value):
        self.key = key
        self.value = value
        self.prev = None
        self.next = None

class LRUCache:
    def __init__(self, capacity: int):
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = {}  # key -> Node
        self.head = Node(0, 0)  # dummy head
        self.tail = Node(0, 0)  # dummy tail
        self.head.next = self.tail
        self.tail.prev = self.head

    def _remove(self, node):
        prev_node = node.prev
        next_node = node.next
        prev_node.next = next_node
        next_node.prev = prev_node

    def _add_to_head(self, node):
        node.prev = self.head
        node.next = self.head.next
        self.head.next.prev = node
        self.head.next = node

    def get(self, key: int) -> int:
        if key in self.cache:
            node = self.cache[key]
            self._remove(node)
            self._add_to_head(node)
            return node.value
        return -1

    def put(self, key: int, value: int) -> None:
        if key in self.cache:
            self._remove(self.cache[key])
        node = Node(key, value)
        self.cache[key] = node
        self._add_to_head(node)
        if len(self.cache) > self.capacity:
            lru = self.tail.prev
            self._remove(lru)
            del self.cache[lru.key]

What are the time complexities for get and put operations?

Both the get and put operations have a time complexity of O(1) because they involve constant time operations for accessing the dictionary and manipulating the linked list.