What are the different methods of synchronization in programming?

What are the different methods of synchronization in programming?

Synchronization in programming refers to techniques that ensure that multiple processes or threads can operate safely without conflicts. Common methods include mutexes, semaphores, monitors, and barriers.

Can you explain how mutexes work?

A mutex, or mutual exclusion, is a locking mechanism that prevents multiple threads from accessing a shared resource simultaneously. When a thread locks a mutex, other threads attempting to lock it will be blocked until the mutex is unlocked.

What about semaphores? How do they differ from mutexes?

Semaphores are signaling mechanisms that can allow multiple threads to access a limited number of resources. Unlike mutexes, which allow only one thread to access a resource at a time, semaphores can permit a specified number of threads to access the resource concurrently.

Are there any performance considerations when using these methods?

Yes, using synchronization methods can introduce overhead and potentially lead to performance bottlenecks. It's important to choose the right method based on the specific use case and to minimize the time spent holding locks.