How can I implement modular arithmetic in Python?

How can I implement modular arithmetic in Python?

You can use the modulus operator % in Python to perform modular arithmetic. For example, a % b gives the remainder of a divided by b.

Can you show me an example of using it in a function?

Sure! Here's a simple function that adds two numbers and returns the result modulo a third number:

def modular_add(a, b, mod):
    return (a + b) % mod

What if I want to perform subtraction instead?

You can create a similar function for subtraction. Here's how it looks:

def modular_subtract(a, b, mod):
    return (a - b) % mod

Are there any libraries that can help with modular arithmetic?

Yes, you can use libraries like sympy for more advanced modular arithmetic operations, including modular inverses and exponentiation.