What are the differences between ES Modules and CommonJS in Node.js?
ES Modules (ESM) and CommonJS (CJS) are two module systems in Node.js. ESM uses import
and export
syntax, while CJS uses require()
and module.exports
. ESM is asynchronous and supports static analysis, whereas CJS is synchronous.
Can you explain the benefits of using ES Modules?
Sure! ES Modules allow for better optimization, tree-shaking, and improved compatibility with modern JavaScript features. They also enable better support for asynchronous loading.
Are there any drawbacks to using ES Modules?
Yes, some drawbacks include limited support in older Node.js versions and potential issues with interop when mixing ESM and CJS.
How can I convert a CommonJS module to an ES Module?
To convert, replace require()
with import
statements and change module.exports
to export
statements. Ensure your file extension is .mjs
or set "type": "module"
in your package.json
.
What should I choose for a new project, ESM or CJS?
For new projects, it's generally recommended to use ES Modules due to their modern features and better future compatibility.
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