What are ORMs and how do they differ in various programming languages?

What are ORMs and how do they differ in various programming languages?

ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping. It's a technique that allows developers to interact with a database using object-oriented programming. Different languages implement ORMs in various ways. For example, in Python, you have SQLAlchemy, while in Java, Hibernate is popular.

Can you explain how SQLAlchemy works in Python?

Sure! SQLAlchemy is a powerful ORM that allows you to define your database schema as Python classes. It provides a high-level API for querying and manipulating data, making it easier to work with databases without writing raw SQL.

What about Hibernate in Java? How does it compare to SQLAlchemy?

Hibernate is similar to SQLAlchemy in that it maps Java classes to database tables. However, Hibernate has more built-in features for caching and transaction management, which can be beneficial for larger applications.

Are there ORMs for JavaScript as well?

Yes, there are several ORMs for JavaScript, such as Sequelize for Node.js and TypeORM, which supports both SQL and NoSQL databases. They provide similar functionalities to those in Python and Java.