What are some key ideas from famous philosophers?

Can you tell me about some key ideas from famous philosophers?

Sure! Philosophers like Socrates emphasized the importance of questioning and dialogue. Plato, his student, introduced the theory of forms, suggesting that non-material abstract forms represent the most accurate reality.

What about modern philosophers? Any notable ideas?

Absolutely! For instance, Friedrich Nietzsche challenged traditional morality with his concept of the 'will to power' and the idea of the 'Übermensch' or 'Overman'. John Stuart Mill advocated for utilitarianism, focusing on the greatest happiness principle.

How did existentialists contribute to philosophy?

Existentialists like Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir explored themes of freedom, choice, and the absurdity of existence. They emphasized individual experience and responsibility in creating meaning in a seemingly indifferent universe.

Can you explain the concept of utilitarianism in more detail?

Certainly! Utilitarianism is a moral theory that suggests actions are right if they promote happiness or pleasure and wrong if they produce unhappiness or pain. It's often summarized by the phrase 'the greatest good for the greatest number'.