What are some philosophical theories on moral dilemmas?

What are some philosophical theories on moral dilemmas?

Philosophical theories on moral dilemmas include utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Utilitarianism focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, while deontology emphasizes duties and rules. Virtue ethics, on the other hand, centers on the character of the moral agent.

Can you explain utilitarianism in more detail?

Sure! Utilitarianism, primarily associated with philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, suggests that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility. It evaluates the consequences of actions to determine their moral worth.

What are some criticisms of utilitarianism?

Critics argue that utilitarianism can justify harmful actions if they lead to a greater overall good. It may also overlook individual rights and justice, as it focuses solely on outcomes rather than intentions or moral rules.

How does deontology differ from utilitarianism?

Deontology, founded by Immanuel Kant, differs by asserting that actions are morally right or wrong based on adherence to rules or duties, regardless of the consequences. It emphasizes the importance of intention and moral principles.