What is publication bias and how does it affect peer review?

What is publication bias and how does it affect peer review?

Publication bias refers to the tendency of researchers, journals, and reviewers to favor positive or significant results over negative or inconclusive ones. This can lead to a skewed representation of research findings in published literature.

Can you give me examples of how publication bias manifests in research?

Sure! One common example is when studies with positive results are more likely to be submitted and accepted for publication, while studies with negative results may remain unpublished. This can create a false impression of the effectiveness of a treatment or intervention.

How does peer review contribute to publication bias?

Peer review can contribute to publication bias if reviewers favor studies that align with prevailing theories or expectations, potentially rejecting studies that present contrary or unexpected findings.

What can be done to reduce publication bias?

To reduce publication bias, journals can encourage the publication of all research findings, regardless of the results, and implement policies that promote transparency, such as pre-registration of studies.