Can you explain decorators in Python 3.10 with examples?

Can you explain decorators in Python 3.10 with examples?

Sure! Decorators in Python are a way to modify or enhance functions or methods. They are often used for logging, access control, and instrumentation. In Python 3.10, you can use the @decorator_name syntax to apply a decorator. Here's a simple example:

def my_decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("Something is happening before the function is called.")
        func()
        print("Something is happening after the function is called.")
    return wrapper

@my_decorator
def say_hello():
    print("Hello!")

say_hello()

What does the output of that example look like?

The output of that example would be:

Something is happening before the function is called.
Hello!
Something is happening after the function is called.
``` This shows how the decorator adds behavior before and after the original function.

Can decorators take arguments?

Yes, decorators can take arguments! You just need to create a decorator factory. Here's an example:

def repeat(num_times):
    def decorator_repeat(func):
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            for _ in range(num_times):
                func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return decorator_repeat

@repeat(3)
def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet('Alice')

What will this modified example output?

The output will be:

Hello, Alice!
Hello, Alice!
Hello, Alice!
``` This shows that the `greet` function is called three times.