What is the exception hierarchy in Python 3.10?

What is the exception hierarchy in Python 3.10?

In Python 3.10, exceptions are organized in a hierarchy. The base class is 'BaseException', and it has two main subclasses: 'Exception' and 'SystemExit'. 'Exception' is the most commonly used for user-defined exceptions.

Can you explain the difference between Exception and BaseException?

Sure! 'BaseException' is the root of the exception hierarchy, while 'Exception' is a subclass that is meant for most user-defined exceptions. You typically catch 'Exception' to handle errors, but 'BaseException' includes system-exiting exceptions like 'SystemExit' and 'KeyboardInterrupt'.

What are some common exceptions derived from Exception?

Common exceptions derived from 'Exception' include 'ValueError', 'TypeError', 'KeyError', and 'IndexError'. Each of these represents different types of errors that can occur in your code.

How can I create a custom exception in Python?

To create a custom exception, you can define a new class that inherits from 'Exception'. For example:

class MyCustomError(Exception):
    pass

You can then raise this exception using 'raise MyCustomError()'.