What are some examples of pattern matching in Python 3.12?

Can you show me some examples of pattern matching in Python 3.12?

Sure! In Python 3.12, pattern matching allows you to match data structures against patterns. Here's a simple example:

match point:
    case (0, 0):
        print('Origin')
    case (x, 0):
        print(f'On the x-axis at {x}')
    case (0, y):
        print(f'On the y-axis at {y}')
    case (x, y):
        print(f'Point at ({x}, {y})')

That's interesting! Can you explain how the match statement works?

Absolutely! The match statement checks the value of the variable against the patterns defined in the case statements. It executes the block of code for the first matching pattern.

What other data types can I use with pattern matching?

You can use pattern matching with various data types, including lists, dictionaries, and even custom classes. For example:

match data:
    case {'key': value}:
        print(f'Found key with value: {value}')
    case [first, *rest]:
        print(f'First: {first}, Rest: {rest}')

Can you give me a more complex example?

Sure! Here's a more complex example using nested patterns:

match shape:
    case {'type': 'circle', 'radius': r}:
        print(f'Circle with radius {r}')
    case {'type': 'rectangle', 'width': w, 'height': h}:
        print(f'Rectangle {w}x{h}')
    case _:
        print('Unknown shape')