What are some examples of closures in Python?

What are some examples of closures in Python?

Closures in Python are functions that remember the values from their enclosing lexical scope, even when the function is executed outside that scope. Here's a simple example:

def outer_function(msg):
    def inner_function():
        print(msg)
    return inner_function

closure = outer_function('Hello, Closure!')
closure()  # This will print: Hello, Closure!

Can you explain how this closure works?

Sure! In this example, outer_function takes a message as an argument and defines inner_function inside it. When outer_function is called, it returns inner_function, which retains access to the msg variable even after outer_function has finished executing.

Are there any practical uses for closures?

Yes, closures are often used for data hiding, creating decorators, and maintaining state in a function without using global variables.