What are Python dataclasses and how do I use them?

What are Python dataclasses and how do I use them?

Python dataclasses are a decorator and a function that automatically generate special methods like init() and repr() for classes. They simplify class creation for storing data.

Can you show me a simple example of a dataclass?

Sure! Here's a basic example:

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Person:
    name: str
    age: int

person = Person(name='Alice', age=30)
print(person)

This will output: Person(name='Alice', age=30).

What are the benefits of using dataclasses over regular classes?

Dataclasses reduce boilerplate code, provide a clear syntax for defining data structures, and automatically implement methods like eq() and hash() if needed.

Can I add default values to dataclass fields?

Yes, you can! Just assign a default value in the field definition. For example:

@dataclass
class Person:
    name: str
    age: int = 25

This sets a default age of 25.