What are Python decorators and how do I use them?

What are Python decorators and how do I use them?

Python decorators are a way to modify or enhance functions or methods. They allow you to wrap another function to extend its behavior without permanently modifying it. You can use them for logging, access control, and more.

Can you give me an example of a simple decorator?

Sure! Here's a simple decorator that prints 'Hello' before calling the function:

def hello_decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print('Hello')
        func()
    return wrapper

@hello_decorator
def greet():
    print('Welcome!')

# Calling greet() will print 'Hello' followed by 'Welcome!'
greet()

How do I pass arguments to a decorator?

To pass arguments to a decorator, you need to create a decorator factory. Here's an example:

def repeat(num_times):
    def decorator_repeat(func):
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            for _ in range(num_times):
                func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return decorator_repeat

@repeat(3)
def say_hello():
    print('Hello!')

# Calling say_hello() will print 'Hello!' three times.
say_hello()