What is the difference between encapsulation and abstraction in Python?

What is the difference between encapsulation and abstraction in Python?

Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, like a class. Abstraction, on the other hand, is the concept of hiding the complex reality while exposing only the necessary parts.

Can you give me an example of encapsulation in Python?

Sure! In Python, you can use private variables to encapsulate data. For example:

class Car:
    def __init__(self):
        self.__speed = 0  # private variable

    def set_speed(self, speed):
        self.__speed = speed

    def get_speed(self):
        return self.__speed

What about abstraction? How is it implemented in Python?

Abstraction in Python can be implemented using abstract classes and interfaces. For example:

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Animal(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def sound(self):
        pass

class Dog(Animal):
    def sound(self):
        return 'Bark'