What are the differences between metaclasses and classes in Python?

What are the differences between metaclasses and classes in Python?

In Python, classes are blueprints for creating objects, while metaclasses define how classes behave. Metaclasses are essentially classes of classes.

Can you give me an example of a metaclass?

Sure! Here's a simple metaclass example:

class Meta(type):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
        attrs['greet'] = lambda self: 'Hello!'
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)

class MyClass(metaclass=Meta):
    pass

obj = MyClass()
print(obj.greet())  # Output: Hello!

How do I use a metaclass in my own class?

To use a metaclass, specify it in the class definition using the metaclass keyword. For example:

class MyClass(metaclass=MyMeta):
    pass

When should I use metaclasses?

Use metaclasses when you need to customize class creation, enforce class properties, or modify class behavior dynamically.