What are advanced concepts in Python namespaces?

Can you explain advanced concepts in Python namespaces?

Sure! In Python, namespaces are containers that hold a collection of identifiers (names) and their corresponding objects. Advanced concepts include understanding the scope of variables, the LEGB rule (Local, Enclosing, Global, Built-in), and how to create custom namespaces using classes and modules.

What is the LEGB rule?

The LEGB rule describes the order in which Python looks for a name: Local (inside a function), Enclosing (in nested functions), Global (at the module level), and Built-in (predefined names in Python). This hierarchy helps determine which variable is accessed when there are multiple definitions.

How can I create a custom namespace?

You can create a custom namespace by defining a class or a module. For example, when you define a class, all its attributes and methods are part of that class's namespace, allowing you to encapsulate functionality and avoid name clashes.

Can you give an example of using namespaces in a project?

Certainly! In a project, you might have a module for database operations and another for user interface. By keeping these in separate namespaces, you can avoid naming conflicts and maintain cleaner code. For instance, you could have db.connect() and ui.connect() without any issues.