What are the differences between Python virtual environments and Docker?

What are the differences between Python virtual environments and Docker?

Python virtual environments are used to create isolated environments for Python projects, while Docker containers can encapsulate entire applications, including their dependencies.

Can you explain how each one manages dependencies?

Sure! Virtual environments manage dependencies at the Python package level, allowing different projects to have different package versions. Docker, on the other hand, packages the entire application along with its environment, ensuring consistency across different systems.

Which one should I use for a new project?

It depends on your needs. If you're just working on a Python project, a virtual environment might suffice. If you need to deploy an application with multiple services or ensure it runs the same everywhere, Docker is a better choice.

Are there any performance differences between the two?

Yes, Docker can introduce some overhead due to containerization, but it also provides better resource isolation. Virtual environments are lightweight but only isolate Python dependencies.