What are the best practices for using raw pointers in C++?

What are the best practices for using raw pointers in C++?

When using raw pointers in C++, it's important to manage memory carefully. Here are some best practices:

1. Always initialize pointers to avoid dangling pointers.
2. Use smart pointers (like std::unique_ptr or std::shared_ptr) when possible to automate memory management.
3. Ensure that every allocated memory is properly deallocated to prevent memory leaks.
4. Avoid using raw pointers for ownership; prefer smart pointers instead.

Can you explain why smart pointers are preferred over raw pointers?

Smart pointers automatically manage memory, reducing the risk of memory leaks and dangling pointers. They provide better safety and help prevent common errors associated with manual memory management.

What are some common mistakes developers make with raw pointers?

Common mistakes include forgetting to delete allocated memory, using pointers after they have been deleted, and not initializing pointers, which can lead to undefined behavior.

Are there situations where raw pointers are still useful?

Yes, raw pointers can be useful in performance-critical code where the overhead of smart pointers is not acceptable, or when interfacing with legacy code that requires raw pointers.