What are some real-world examples of abstract classes in Java?

What are some real-world examples of abstract classes in Java?

Abstract classes in Java are used to define a base class with common functionality that other classes can inherit. For example, consider a payment system where you have an abstract class called Payment. This class can have methods like processPayment() and refund(), but the actual implementation will vary for subclasses like CreditCardPayment and PayPalPayment.

Can you give me another example?

Sure! Another example is an abstract class called Animal. It can have an abstract method makeSound(). Subclasses like Dog and Cat would implement this method to provide specific sounds, like barking or meowing.

What are the benefits of using abstract classes?

Using abstract classes promotes code reusability and establishes a clear contract for subclasses. It allows you to define common behavior while leaving specific implementations to the subclasses.

Are there any drawbacks to using abstract classes?

Yes, one drawback is that a class can only inherit from one abstract class in Java, which can limit flexibility. Additionally, if not designed properly, it can lead to a complex hierarchy.