What are some real-world examples of higher-order functions?

What are some real-world examples of higher-order functions?

Higher-order functions are functions that can take other functions as arguments or return them as results. A common example is the map function in JavaScript, which applies a function to each element in an array.

Can you give me more examples in different programming languages?

Sure! In Python, the filter function is a higher-order function that filters elements from a list based on a condition. In Ruby, inject is a higher-order function that combines elements of an array using a specified operation.

How do these functions improve code readability?

Higher-order functions can make code more concise and expressive. They allow you to abstract common patterns, reducing boilerplate code and making the intent clearer.

Are there any downsides to using higher-order functions?

Yes, while they can improve readability, they may also introduce complexity for those unfamiliar with functional programming concepts. Additionally, they can sometimes lead to performance overhead.