What are some real-world examples of inheritance and polymorphism in programming?
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class. For example, in a vehicle hierarchy, a 'Car' class can inherit from a 'Vehicle' class. Polymorphism allows methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon. For instance, a 'draw' method can behave differently for a 'Circle' class and a 'Square' class.
Can you give me more specific examples?
Sure! In a software application, you might have a base class called 'Employee' with subclasses like 'Manager' and 'Intern'. Each subclass can have its own implementation of a method like 'calculateSalary'. This is polymorphism in action. Inheritance is seen when 'Manager' and 'Intern' inherit common properties like 'name' and 'id' from 'Employee'.
How does this apply to real-world applications?
In real-world applications, inheritance and polymorphism help in code reusability and flexibility. For example, in a banking system, you might have a base class 'Account' with subclasses like 'SavingsAccount' and 'CheckingAccount'. Each account type can have specific behaviors while sharing common features, making the system easier to manage and extend.
What programming languages support these concepts?
Most object-oriented programming languages support inheritance and polymorphism, including Java, C++, Python, and C#. Each language has its own syntax and nuances, but the core concepts remain the same.
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