What are the steps involved in the SSL/TLS handshake?

What are the steps involved in the SSL/TLS handshake?

The SSL/TLS handshake involves several steps to establish a secure connection. It typically includes:

1. Client Hello: The client sends a message to the server with supported cipher suites and a random number.
2. Server Hello: The server responds with its chosen cipher suite and another random number.
3. Server Certificate: The server sends its digital certificate to the client for authentication.
4. Key Exchange: The client and server exchange keys to establish a secure session.
5. Finished: Both parties confirm that the handshake is complete and secure communication can begin.

Can you explain the purpose of the server certificate?

The server certificate serves to authenticate the server's identity to the client. It ensures that the client is communicating with the legitimate server and not an imposter. The certificate contains the server's public key and is signed by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA).

What happens if the server certificate is not trusted?

If the server certificate is not trusted, the client will typically display a warning message indicating that the connection may not be secure. The user can choose to proceed, but it's generally advised to avoid such connections to protect sensitive information.

Are there any common issues during the handshake process?

Yes, common issues during the handshake process include mismatched cipher suites, expired or untrusted certificates, and network connectivity problems. These can prevent a successful secure connection.